山西历山自然保护区连翘群落及物种多样性

Species Diversity of Forsythia suspensa Communities in Lishan Nature Reserve,Shanxi

对山西历山自然保护区连翘(Forsythia suspensa)群落进行野外调查,采用TWINSPAN群落分类方法,样方DCA的第1轴基本上反映了各植物群落所在生境光照和水分情况,即DCA第1轴从左到右,海拔逐渐降低,将山西历山自然保护区连翘群落35个样方划分为8个群落类型:①连翘-披针叶苔草群丛;②连翘-披针叶苔草+蓝萼香茶菜群丛;③连翘-披针叶苔草+委陵菜群丛;④连翘+虎榛子-披针叶苔草群丛;⑤连翘-披针叶苔草+委陵菜+兔儿伞群丛;⑥连翘+山核桃-披针叶苔草群丛;⑦连翘-披针叶苔草+大火草群丛;⑧连翘+荆条-卷柏群丛。光照强度逐渐增强,群落土壤的水分条件逐渐改善;第2轴从下到上,海拔逐渐降低,气温逐渐升高。30个优势种DCA排序说明,植物群落中优势种的分布格局,在很大程度上决定着群落类型的分布格局。采用Patrick指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Alatalo指数等反映连翘灌丛的物种多样性,分析了连翘灌丛物种多样性与群落类型、结构及环境因子的关系,结果表明:连翘灌丛物种多样性受其所处的坡向、坡度、土层以及群落物种组成、人类活动干扰等因素共同影响。

A survey on Forsythia svzpensa communities was conducted in Lishan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province. The communities were classified into eight associations by TWINSPAN and DCA, which were F. suspensa-Carex lanceolata, F. suspensa-C, lanceolata ＋ Rabdosia glaucocalyx , F. suspensa-C, lanceolata ＋ Potentilla chinerhsis , F. suspersa ＋ Ostryopsis davidiana-C, laneeolata, F. suspensa-C, lanceolata＋P, chinensis＋Syneilesis aconitifolia, F. suspensa＋Juglans mandshurica-C. lanceolata, F. suspensa-C, lanceolata＋Anemone tomentosa, and F. suspenza＋ Vitex negundo var. heterophylla-Selaginella tamariscina. The first axis of the DCA ordination for quadrats indicated light intensity and soil moisture content, and the second axis reflected elevation and temperature. The ordination of community type was dependent upon the distribution pattern of dominant species in the community. Moreover, the species diversity in the communities was studied in terms of Patrick index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Alatalo index. The relationships between species diversity and community type, community structure, environmental factors were analyzed. Results show that there is no significant difference in richness index, diversity index and evenness index between the eight associations. The influence factors on the species diversity of F. suspensa communities are slope aspect, slope gradient, soil thickness and community structure as well as the disturbance of human activities.