1996-2009年中国狂犬病流行病学分析

Epidemiology of rabies in China from 1996 to 2009

目的分析1996-2009年中国狂犬病流行特征,探讨流行相关因素,明确防治重点,为制定防治措施提供参考依据。方法用Excel 2003和MapInfo 7.0软件对收集到的1996-2009年中国狂犬病疫情资料进行整理和分析,对近14年来中国狂犬病流行概况、三间分布特征以及疫情动态特征进行描述,并绘制相关统计图表。结果 14年来除西藏和青海之外的省份均有狂犬病病例报告,共报告狂犬病22 060例,发病率总体呈现上升趋势。狂犬病报告累积病例数居前6位的省(自治区)为广西、湖南、贵州、广东、江西和湖北,6省共报告狂犬病14 920例,占全国报告病例总数的67.63%。全国报告病例男女性别比为2.23∶1,职业分布以农民为主,其次为学生和散居儿童,三者占全部报告病例数的88.52%,夏秋季为高发季节。我国狂犬病暴露后处置率较低。结论控制疫苗价格,继续加强对狂犬病高发地区的疫情防控工作,控制狂犬病的蔓延。提高狂犬病暴露后人群的预防治疗率,控制犬的数量、提高犬的免疫率及加强对犬的贸易管理。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in China from 1996 to 2009,explore the related factors and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods The analysis was conducted on the incidence data of rabies in China during this period by using Excel 2003 and MapInfo 7.0 software to describe the disease situation,the incidence trend and the time,regional and population distributions of the disease.Results A total of 22 060 rabies cases were reported during this period in the provinces in China except Tibet and Qinghai.The overall incidence was in increase.The first 6 provinces（autonomous region） reporting high case numbers were Guangxi,Hunan,Guizhou,Guangdong,Jiangxi and Hubei.Totally 14 920 cases were reported in these provinces,accounting for 67.63% of the total.The male to female ratio of the total rabies cases was 2.23∶1.The population most affected was farmers,followed by students and children outside child care settings,the cases in these population accounted for 88.52% of the total.The incidence peak occurred during summer-autumn.The post exposure prophylaxis rate was low.Conclusion It is necessary to control the price of rabies vaccine,strengthen the prevention and control of rabies in areas with high incidence and improve the management of dogs to stop the spread of rabies.