法家文化与秦朝的兴亡

Legalist School Culture and the Rise and Fall of Qin Dynasty

法家文化与秦王朝的兴亡密切相关,它在秦国历史上的作用基本上可以分为两个阶段:秦孝公时期,商鞅以法家文化为指导实施变法,使秦国迅速壮大,为吞并六国、统一中原奠定了基础,同时也确立了法家文化在秦国的主体地位;秦始皇时期,由于过度迷信并片面使用法家文化,实行君主专制,崇尚权术,严刑峻法,残暴统治,激化了阶级矛盾,导致秦二世而亡,同时也扼杀了法家文化的优点,极度膨胀了其不足。秦兴于法家,也败于法家,甚为遗憾!

Legalist school culture is closely related to the rise and fall of Qin Dynasty, its role in the history of Qin Dynasty can be considered from two phases： the ruling period of King Xiao Gong of Qin State and the ruling period of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. In the ruling period of King Xiao Gong of Qin State, Shang Yang, guided by Legalist school culture, carried out political reforms and achieved the rapid growth of Qin State, which laid the foundation for annexing the other six States and unifying the Central Plains area, meanwhile, the dominant position of Legalist school culture was established. In the ruling period of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, the emperor had a superstitious belief in Legalists cuhure and applied it one-sidedly, implementing absolute monarchy, advocating trickery, employing dra- conian, cruelly ruling the country, which intensified class contradictions, leading to the death of his successor, the sec- ond emperor of Qin Dynasty; moreover, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty destroyed the advantages of Legalist school culture and extremely expanded its deficiency. It is sad to say that it was Legalist school culture that contributed to both the rise and the fall of Qin Dynasty!