高年级小学生生活方式对身心健康的影响

Influence of life style on physical and mental health in older pupils

目的通过对高年级小学生体育锻炼、饮食和休闲生活三方面的日常生活和心理健康状况的调查,分析生活方式对身心健康的影响。方法采用小学生日常生活调查问卷和中文版儿童用心理健康诊断分型量表针对天津市10所小学4~6年级1 595名学生进行问卷调查。结果单因素分析结果表明：（1）在生活激情和应激反应各维度上不同性别、是否独生子女、年级、体育锻炼频率、时间和饮食规律性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）。（2）在运动指数和饮食状况良好度得分上,不同家庭类型和是否独生子女的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。相关分析结果表明,运动指数与饮食状况良好度得分呈显著性正相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,2者与生活激情各维度得分呈显著性正相关（P〈0.01）,与应激反应各维度得分呈显著性负相关（P〈0.01）。多元回归分析结果表明：（1）在独生-非独生子女样本均见到＂父母有无一起体育锻炼＂＂喜欢学校体育课与否＂等5个变量和饮食行为的4个变量,对运动指数的预测作用。母亲学历和年龄、平均每次看电视的时间等5个变量对饮食状况良好度得分的预测作用。（2）小学生体育锻炼频率高、时间长,饮食规律性良好,睡眠充足,积极参与家务劳动,其整体心理健康水平就高;看电视的频率越高、边看电视边吃零食的行为发生率越高,其应激反应程度越高。结论体育锻炼、饮食行为和休闲生活是影响高年级小学生心理健康水平的重要因素,生活方式对心理健康的影响是整体的,不能忽视其中的任何一方面。

Objective To explore the influence of life style on physical and mental health in older pupils.Methods A total of 1 595 students from 10 primary schools in Tianjin City were investigated by using the Daily Life Questionnaire and Mental Health for Children（MHP-C）.Results The single factor analysis significantly showed that （1） there were significant differences to life passion and stress reaction between or among the gender,grades,frequencies and durations of physical training,and diet regularities（P0.05 or 0.001）;（2） Significant differences were also found between or among family backgrounds and ranks in family on training index and diet conditions（P0.05 or 0.01）.The correlation analysis was conducted and an association between the exercise index and diet condition was reported（P（0.05） or 0.01）.There was a positive correlation between above two factors and life passion,yet a negative one between them and stress reflection.The multiple regression analysis indicated that：（1） There were 5 variables,such as children training with the company of parents or not,favoring the P.E.class or not,and 4 variables of diet being indicators for training index,with 5 variables,such as mothers＇ age and education levels and average daily TV time,predicting diet condition.（2） Pupils who had higher a training frequency and duration,a good diet regulation,an enough sleep,taking on housework actively would have a relative higher level of mental health.The higher was the frequency of watching TV,the more eating behaviors appeared when they watched TV,and the more probably they had a high level of stress reaction.Conclusions Physical training,diet,and leisure life style are the important influencing factors of mental health.Life style affects older pupils＇ health as a whole,so any aspect could not be ignored.