建筑环境热适应文献综述

Thermal adaptation in the built environment:A literature review

给出了以建筑环境热适应为题的详尽文献综述成果。热舒适研究的适应观点认为,人们在真实环境中的热感觉受其以往热经历和文化与技术行为的综合影响。适应模型的一个重要前提是,人不再是给定热环境的被动接受者,而是通过多重反馈循环与人-环境系统交互作用的主动参与者。热适应可分为三种不同的过程——行为调节、生理习服和心理适应或期望。气候室和现场的证据均表明,较慢的习服过程与较为适中的建筑环境中发生的热适应关系不大,而行为调节和期望的影响则大得多。现场证据调查中的一个最重要的发现是空调建筑和自然通风建筑中热舒适反应存在差别,这可能是由人们以往在建筑中的热经历和不同的感知控制度共同导致的。

Presents the results of an extensive literature review on the topic of thermal adaptation in the built environment.The adaptive approach to modeling thermal comfort acknowledges that thermal perception in ＂real world＂ settings is influenced by the complexities of past thermal history and cultural and technical practices.An important premise of the adaptive model is that the person is no longer a passive recipient of the given thermal environment,but instead is an active agent interacting with the person-environment system via multiple feedback loops.Thermal adaptation can be attributed to three different processes—behavioral adjustment,physiological acclimatization and psychological habituation or expectation.Both climate chamber and field evidence indicates that the slower process of acclimatization is not so relevant to thermal adaptation in the relatively moderate conditions found in buildings,whereas behavioral adjustment and expectation have a much greater influence.One of the most important findings from our review of field evidence was the distinction between thermal comfort responses in air-conditioned vs.naturally ventilated buildings,most likely resulting from a combination of past thermal history in the buildings and differences in levels of perceived control.