中国城市地区不同户籍群体劳动力市场状态分析

An Empirical Analysis about Labor Market Status of Laborers with Different Household Registration in Urban China

在中国城市劳动力市场上,不同户籍群体的劳动力市场状态存在较大差异。与非农业户籍劳动力相比,农业户籍劳动力的劳动参与率和就业率较高,失业率较低;与本地户籍劳动力相比,外地户籍劳动力的劳动参与率和就业率较高,失业率较低。按照更为详细的户籍分类来考察,外地农业户籍和本地农业户籍劳动力的劳动参与率、就业率普遍较高,失业率很低;本地非农业户籍劳动力的劳动参与率、就业率最低,失业率最高;外地非农业户籍劳动力的劳动参与率、就业率及失业率处于中间水平。计量分析发现,控制了其他影响因素之后,户籍特征对劳动适龄人口的就业状态具有显著影响,户籍身份不同所反映的享受城市本地政府提供公共服务的差异确实对劳动适龄人口的劳动力市场状态产生显著影响。

There exists obvious difference in the labor market status of laborers with different household registrations(HRs) in urban China.In contrast with the laborers with non-agricultural HR,the laborers with agricultural HR have higher labor participation rate and employment rate and lower unemployment rate.And the laborers with ecdemic HR have higher labor participation rate and employment rate and lower unemployment rate than the laborers with local HR.According to the analysis about the laborers classified in more detail,the laborers with ecdemic agricultural HR and the laborers with local agricultural HR have higher labor participation rates and employment rates and lower unemployment rates,the laborers with local non-agricultural HR have the lowest labor participation rate and employment rate and the highest unemployment rate,and the laborers with ecdemic non-agricultural HR bear medium levels of labor participation rate,employment rate and unemployment rate between the former and the latter.Further econometric analysis shows that the characteristic of household registration has produced significant effects on the market status of active labor force,and the differences in the household registration reflect the differences in the public service gained from the urban local government which do generate significant effects on the market status of active labor force.