论化时间为空间的诗词之美

The Fascination of Chinese Classical Poetry in Transforming Time into Space

诗词的时空关系可分为诗词的外部时空关系和内部时空关系。在从时空关系的角度欣赏诗词时,产生审美感受的主要动因不是审美过程中的"时间率领空间"和"收空于时",而是诗词自身化时间为空间的审美机制。中国人从宇宙意识的构成到对艺术作品的审美,都遵循着在可把握的现实空间中寻找家园感的心理机制。化时间为空间在诗词中的表现可分为将时间收摄入空间、在时空合一中归于空间、营造往复循环的空间等数种。时空关系的疏离会导致价值空没的悲剧感,其表现可分为时间是否定空间的因素、空间不能作为时间的归宿、彰显时空的客观性等数种。这种悲剧感因为契合了中国文化中的价值建构方式而成为悲剧美。

The relation between time and space in Chinese classical poetry can be divided into two patterns：the internal and external time-space relations.In appreciation of poetry from the relation of time and space,the formation of aesthetic experience is due to transforming time into space in the aesthetic structure of poetry,rather than time leading space or space being converged into time in the aesthetic process.Universal consciousness in Chinese culture and the unique fascination of literature and art works are all complying with the basic mental structure,which can be described as searching for the feeling of homeland in perceptible and realistic space.Poems transforming time into space can be summarized as followed：time being absorbed into space,time and space being combined into space,circling space.The estrangement between time and space may generate the consciousness of tragedy which means everything is insignificant and life is null and void as nothing.In poems it is expressed as followed：time as a negative factor to space,space cannot be set as a home for time,the detachment of time and space and so on.The consciousness of tragedy becomes an important kind of aesthetic fascination in classical poetry because of the compatibility with Chinese mode of value construction in traditional culture.