觉世与救心:梁启超清末戏曲改良及其“过渡”性质

Conscience-Awakening and Soul-Saving:The "Transitional" Quality of Liang Qichao's Reform of Late Qing Operas

清代末年所处的19世纪末20世纪初,既是中国由传统的封建社会向近现代社会转型的一个重要历史阶段,也是中国文学乃至中国文化发生重大转型的历史转折期,而梁启超无疑是这一历史时段中最具代表性的人物。作为中国近代文学革新运动的领袖,梁启超参与、主导了近代"诗界革命"、"小说界革命"和"文界革命"。在戏曲创作领域,梁启超对清末戏曲的改良工作也有独特的贡献。尽管从创作水准上讲,梁启超清末戏曲改良并无过高的文学成就,但是,作为近代中国新旧两个世界转型的时代产物,以梁启超为代表的清末戏曲改良的历史功绩是不容抹杀的,其标举的"觉世"、"救心"的戏曲宗旨代表了近代中国反帝反封建的时代强音,它的新旧交织、中西杂糅的"过渡"性质,也为中国戏曲(戏剧)的近现代转型铺平了道路。

Liang Qichao was a representative in the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century of the late Qing Dynasty of China,which is an important historical period characterized by the transformation of China from a traditional feudalistic society to a modern society and a historical turning point period of a major cultural transformation in Chinese literature and culture.As a leader in the literature reform movement in modern China,Liang participated in and led the modern ＂Poetry Revolution＂,＂Fiction Revolution＂ and ＂Literary Revolution＂.In the field of opera writing,He made unique contribution to the reform of Late Qing operas.No high literature achievement was attained in his rewriting of Late Qing operas;the historical contribution of the endeavor as a product of the transformation period of modern China,however,should not be ignored.The slogans of ＂world-awakening＂ and ＂soul-saving＂ of the opera reform movement were the strongest voice of the time in China＇s struggle against imperialism and feudalism,and the ＂transitional＂ quality combining both new and old,east and west,has paved the way for the modern transformation of Chinese operas（theatres）.