对国外大规模针灸临床疗效系统评价报告的分析

Analysis and strategy report on overseas large-scale systematic evaluation on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture

综合分析Cochrane Library系统评价数据库(CDSR)收录的针灸系统评价文献和部分国外发表的针灸临床系统评价文献,对其中存在的问题提出改进建议。2009年CDSR共评价67种疾病,37种已经得出初步结论。其中针灸的有效病种有7种,包括特发性头痛、慢性颈痛、青光眼、风湿性关节炎、化疗后的恶心呕吐、经皮电刺激治疗原发性痛经和膝骨关节炎,但大部分临床证据有待提高,其他30种疾病因证据不足尚不能得出结论。分析发现,已发表的大部分针灸临床系统评价研究结果认为针刺和假针刺疗效没有显著性差异,针刺的疗效相当于安慰剂疗效。因此建议加强针灸临床的科研设计,明确研究病种选择和研究目的的关系,对针灸临床研究加强过程管理和质量控制,加强针灸基础理论研究和针灸理论基本问题的实验研究,建立符合针灸临床特点的临床评价体系。

In recent years, studies of large-scale systematic evaluanon on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture were carried out in overseas. The literatures were conducted in Cochrane Library and overseas journals about systematic review of clinical effectiveness of acupuncture. The Cochrane Library contained a series of systematic reviews for the treatment of 67 kinds of diseases by acupuncture in 2009. Preliminary evaluations of clinical effectiveness of acupuncture on 37 kinds of disease were conducted. The results indicated that acupuncture therapy was effective for 7 kinds of disease, such as idiopathic headache, neck disorders, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis, chemotherapy-induced nausea or vominng, primary dysmenorrhoea with TENS and knee osteoarthritis with TENS. However, these studies still need improved research designs and sufficient research evidence. The results also indicated that acupuncture was indecisive for the other 30 kinds of disease because of insufficient evidence. Through analysis, results of most systematic reviews indicated that there were no significant difference between tberapeutic effects of acupuncture treatment and pseudo-acupuncture treatment. Effect of acupuncture treatment was equivalent to therapeutic effect of placebo. The likely reasons may be that some important clinical factors are disregarded in these researches, such as selection of acupoints, treatment with syndrome differentiation, the angel and depth of needle insertion, the proper time for treatment and so on. Therefore, the large-scale systematic evaluation on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture was criticized by acupuncturists. Thus, the pressing problem is to establish a rational evaluation system of clinical acupuncture. The suggestions are strengthening the research on diagnosis and treatment standard, strengthening the quality control of clinical acupuncture and establishing sound acupuncture control group and placebo acupuncture group. The basic researches on the relationship between diseases and acupoints need to be strengthened in order to explore the mechanism of acupoints reaction on diseases.