氟骨症不同动物模型的建立与评价

Establishment and evaluation of four animal models of skeletal fluorosis

目的为选择合适的实验动物并建立氟骨症动物模型,研究不同动物对氟化物致骨骼损伤的敏感性。方法分别选取离乳新西兰兔、Hartley豚鼠、Wistar大鼠、KM小鼠各16只,每种动物随机分为两组,每组8只,即对照组(C):饲喂标准饲料,饮用去离子水;模型组(M):饲喂标准饲料,饮用150 mg/L氟化钠(NaF)去离子水。在饲喂60 d后取股骨制作组织切片观察组织形态变化,并测定股骨骨氟、骨钙、骨磷的含量及血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。结果与对照组相比,各种实验动物模型组生长发育受到显著的抑制,股骨形态破坏明显,骨矿化显著减少,骨氟含量显著升高,血清ALP活性显著增强,但股骨钙和磷含量差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论高氟可不同程度的损害豚鼠、家兔、小鼠、大鼠的生长发育及骨骼系统,导致产生氟骨症,但综合考察,以豚鼠、家兔较为敏感,其次为小鼠、大鼠。

Objective To select and establish suitable experimental animal models of skeletal fluorosis and analyze their sensitivity to fluoride-induced bone damages.Methods New Zealand rabbits,Hartley white guinea-pigs,Wistar rats,and Kunming mice（16 each） were included in this study.Each kind of the animals were divided randomly into two groups（each group 8）： control group（group C） fed with standard food and distilled water,and model group（group M） fed with normal food and 150 mg/L NaF distilled water）.At 60 days after NaF-feeding the femora were taken for histological observation and measurement of F,Ca,P levels,and serum ALP activity were determined.Results In comparison with the control group,the growth and development in animals of the model groups were significantly inhibited,bone tissues showed apparent histological alterations and bone mineralization was significantly decreased.The serum F level and ALP activity were significantly increased,but the serum levels of Ca and P were not significantly changed（P0.05）.Conclusions High fluoride water affects the growth and skeletal system of New Zealand rabbits,Hartley White guinea-pigs,Wistar rats and Kunming mice to some extent,and causes skeletal fluorosis.Considering all aspects,guinea-pigs and rabbits are more sensitive then mice and rats.