啮齿类动物糖尿病模型

Rodent models of diabetes mellitus

糖尿病是一类由遗传、环境、免疫等因素引起的、具有明显异质性的急、慢性高血糖及其并发症所组成的综合征。世界范围内大约有两亿多人受到此病困扰,引发了一系列社会经济问题。建立合适的糖尿病动物模型对于研究糖尿病及其并发症的发病机制、治疗和预防等具有重要的作用。既往的糖尿病模型主要包括自发性模型及采用化学、手术、饮食单独或共同诱导型模型。近年来,随着基因工程技术发展,转基因动物、基因敲除动物及组织特异性基因敲除动物被广泛应用于糖尿病研究。本文对目前若干啮齿类动物糖尿病模型的来源、主要特点和应用进行总结。

Type 2 diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disorder presently affecting more than 200 million people worldwide and causing serious socio-economic problems.Appropriate experimental models are essential tools for understanding the pathogenesis,complications,and genetic or environmental effects that increase the risks of diabetes,and inventing various therapeutic agents.The animal models of diabetes can be obtained either spontaneously or induced by chemicals,dietary or surgical manipulations and/or by combination thereof.In recent years,large numbers of new genetically modified animal models including transgenic,generalized knock-out and tissue-specific knockout mice have been developed for the study of diabetes.This review gives an overview on the rodent models of diabetes,their origin/source,characteristic features,underlying causes/mechanism（s）,advantages and disadvantages to the investigators in diabetes research.