蜜蜂白垩病的病原和防治技术研究

Study on the Pathogen and control technique of bee Chalkbrood

蜜蜂白垩病是西方蜜蜂( Apis mellifera L.) 的一种新的恶性传染病。从白垩病的蜜蜂幼虫尸体分离出病原菌蜂球囊菌( Ascosphaera apis) ,经光学显微镜观察,该菌的菌丝直径2 .0 ～3 .0 μm ,孢囊为黑色球状,直径40 .0 ～45 .0 μm ;孢囊内有许多孢子球,孢子球的直径9 .0 ～11 .0 μm ;孢子球又由许多孢子组成;孢子表面光滑,呈肾形或长椭圆形,大小2 .4 μm ×1 .2 μm ,孢子长与宽的比值为2 .0 。通过感染试验,确定了蜜蜂白垩病的病态发展过程以及蜜蜂幼虫的最易感染日龄。总结出影响该病的因素以及该病消长规律,提出了以防为主,防治结合的综合防制措施。

The bee chalkbrood is a new malignant infectious disease affecting Apis meilifera L. A pathogenic Ascosphaera apis was separated from bee larva died of chalkbrood. Under an optical microscope, the diameter of the hypha is 2.0 to 3.0 μm, the sporangia is black and ball shaped which is 40.0 to 45.0 at the diameter and there are marry spores balls is a sporidia, and the length of the spore ball diameter is 9.0 to 11.0 μm. The spore ball is composed of many sporidium. Some of the sporidia appear kidney form or long oval shaped, and smooth at the surface, the size is 2.4 μm×1.2 μm, and the ratio of length to width is 2.0. By the areificial infection experiment, we understood the process of the development of chalkbrood and the day age when a bee barva is most likely to be infected. And we concluded the factors causing the disease and the regularity of its growth and decline and at the same time suggested the combined prevention and control measure for the disease.