昆明烟区合理选择烤烟移栽期探究

Research on Reasonable Choice of Tobacco Transplanting Period in Kunming

通过对红花大金元品种在昆明烟区不同海拔高度、不同移栽期的试验研究表明：1）昆明烟区的烤烟移栽期受雨季开始的日期影响比较大,而受海拔高度的影响较小,4月25日-5月10日为合理的移栽期,可以确保烟株的大田生育期在120-150 d之间,产量、产值等经济指标较好;2）海拔低于1 800 m区域的烟叶成熟时间集中在30-55 d,而海拔超过1 950 m的区域,烟叶的成熟时间可推迟至55-70 d;3）海拔在1 633,1 808,1 950 m区域的烟株发育状况差异不大,最低海拔点1 560 m烟株发育状况最好,而最高海拔点2 100 m烟株的发育状况最差;4）在各海拔区域范围内,上部叶的成熟期不会因为移栽期的提前而有明显的提前.5月15日以后移栽,则低海拔点上部叶成熟烘烤受9月低温的影响较大,而海拔超过1 808 m区域的烟株上部叶成熟烘烤受后期低温的影响较小.

The research of HongDa at different elevations and transplanting periods showed that：1）The transplanting dates of flue-cured tobacco in Kunming areas have large relation to the beginning of the rainy season,but less affection on altitude.The reasonable dates are among April 25 to May 10,and this can ensure the growth period in field is between 120 to 150 days,furthermore,we can have a better economic indicators such as yields and output value;2）The mature tobacco leaves below elevation 1800m are concentrated in 30 to 55 days,however,in the areas above 1950m,mature leaves time can be postponed to 55—70 days;3）Elevation of 1633m,1808m and 1950m tobacco region development status is insignificant.At the lowest point of 1560m,the development status of tobacco is the best,and at the highest point of 2100m is the worst;4）In the context of all altitude areas,the upper leaves of mature period will not be bring forward for the transplanting dates advance,transplant after May 15,the upper leaves of mature in low elevation point suffer a greater impact in September which has a low temperature,and the areas above 1808m has less affected by low temperature.