欧亚大陆北部盆地发育历史--来自东西向跨洲剖面的证据

Developments of basins in northern Eurasia:Evidence from E-W inter-continent profile

板块演化控制了盆地的形成与演化,盆地的性质和地质特征由其所处的板块构造单元决定。本文从大地构造背景角度出发,沿北纬60°±5°绘制了欧亚大陆东西向跨洲剖面,西起北海内伊湖—阿兰盆地,东至北鄂霍茨克盆地,全长为11000 km。剖面将构造单元划分为不同级别(超大陆与构造域—板块与造山带—陆块与构造带—盆地与拱起),进而将构造事件与不同级别的构造单元联系起来(如板块聚散与造山成盆、板块边界与盆地隆升),揭示了欧亚北部地壳浅层(深度不超过12 km)与区域构造相关的结构:涉及欧亚大陆西侧大西洋伸展边界和东侧太平洋俯冲边界,跨越了晚古生代乌拉尔造山带和新生代维尔霍杨斯克—科雷马造山带;穿过12个盆地以及西伯利亚克拉通、鞑靼海峡—萨哈林岛—鄂霍茨克海等构造单元,涵盖克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地、前陆盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地和弧后盆地等多种盆地类型。通过绘制欧亚大陆东西向跨洲剖面,将板块边界与板内的盆地联系起来,实现了对不同盆地演化的对比。

Plates＇ evolution controls the forming and developing of basins, and the natures and geological characteristics of basins are determined by the tectonic units. This thesis is focused on analysis of geotectonic backgrounds and draws an 11 000-km-long Eurasia east-west trending intra-continent profile（along N60°＋5°,from Lough Neagh Arran Basin in the North Sea to North Okhotsk Basin）. The profile divides tectonic units into different levels （supercontinent and tectonic domain, plate and orogeny, block and tectonic belt, basin and arch）and links tectonic events and different levels of units to reveals the structure of the most upper crust（ less than 12 km depth） related to the regional tectonics in the northern Eurasia continent. The profile traverses the Atlantic extensional boundary and the Pacific subducting boundary,crosses 12 basins, Siberian Craton and Tatar Strait-Sakhalin Island-The Okhotsk Sea, etc.,involving all kinds of basins in Wilson cycle. The most important effect of the profile is that it associates plate boundary with the inside of the basin since it leads to the possibility of contrasting different basins＇ evolutions.