控释肥对菊花叶片叶绿素荧光特性及观赏品质的影响

Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on chrysanthemum leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and ornamental quality

以切花菊品种‘白马’为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了控释肥对菊花叶片叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素和养分含量及观赏品质的影响.结果表明：未施肥处理（对照）的菊花叶片PSⅡ原初光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）和PSⅡ量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）与施肥处理相比显著下降;两种普通复合肥CCFA（N∶P∶K=20∶8∶10）和CCFB（N∶P∶K=14∶14∶14）处理的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和ΦPSⅡ在前期（30~60 d）比两个控释肥CRFA（N∶P∶K=20∶8∶10）和CRFB（N∶P∶K=14∶14∶14）处理有所增高,但在中后期（75~120 d）比两个控释肥处理显著下降.CRFA处理的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和光化学猝灭系数（qP）比CRFB处理有所增高.两种控释肥处理的非化学猝灭系数（NPQ）与对照和两种普通复合肥处理相比显著下降.各处理叶绿素含量变化规律与Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和ΦPSⅡ基本一致.切花采收期CRFA和CRFB处理的叶片N、P、K含量以及花梗长、花梗粗、花径、花鲜质量和干质量均高于CCFA、CCFB和对照,而且CRFA处理的花鲜质量和干质量比CRFB处理显著增高.表明控释肥可以通过提高菊花叶片叶绿素含量、光能转化效率和养分吸收能力提高菊花观赏品质,其中CRFA处理效果好于CRFB.

Taking cut flower chrysanthemum ＇Baima＇ as test material,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,chlorophyll and nutrient contents,and ornamental quality of chrysanthemum.Under no fertilization,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in dark（Fv/Fm）,potential photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fo）,and quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport（ΦPSⅡ） decreased significantly,compared with those under fertilization.With the application of conventional compound fertilizers CCFA（N：P：K=20：8：10） and CCFB（N：P：K=14：14：14）,the Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo and ΦPSⅡ had a slight increase in early period（30-60 d） but a remarkable decrease in mid and later periods（75-120 d）,compared with those under the application of controlled-release fertilizers CRFA（N：P：K=20：8：10） and CRFB（N：P：K=14：14：14）.Under the application of CRFA,the Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ,and photochemical quenching（qP） had somewhat increase,as compared with the application of CRFB.The non-photochemical quenching（NPQ） under the application of CRFA and CRFB decreased significantly,compared with that under the application of CCFA and CCFB and the control.The chlorophyll content had a similar change trend with Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,and ΦPSⅡ.The leaf N,P,and K contents, flower stalk length and stalk diameter,flower diameter,and flower fresh and dry mass at harvest stage all increased under the application of CRFA and CRFB,compared with those under the application of CCFA and CCFB and the control,and the flower fresh and dry mass was significantly higher under the application of CRFA than of CRFB.This study showed that controlled-release fertilizer could improve the ornamental quality of chrysanthemum via improving the leaf chlorophyll content,photochemical transduction rate,and nutrient uptake,and CRFA had better effects than CRFB.