蚕沙有机肥的养分特性及其肥效

Silkworm excrement organic fertilizer: Its nutrient properties and application effect

将废弃蚕沙进行无害化处理和适度发酵开发出蚕沙有机肥,分析了其养分特点,并采用盆栽试验研究了蚕沙有机肥的肥效.结果表明:发酵蚕沙有机肥的全氮、全磷、全钾含量与堆肥前相比显著提高,分别比堆肥前提高了58.0%、84.4%和29.7%;添加微生物菌剂可有效缩短发酵时间,并能减少堆肥过程的碳、氮损失.施用发酵后蚕沙的小白菜和番茄种子的发芽指数均大于80%,对作物发芽没有抑制作用.施用发酵蚕沙有机肥不仅可提高小白菜产量、营养养分、Vc含量,减少硝酸盐积累量,还可提高土壤pH值,增加土壤速效养分和有机质含量,增强土壤酶活性,其效果优于发酵羊粪有机肥处理.

In this paper,silkworm excrement was harmless-treated via controlled fermentation to prepare silkworm excrement organic fertilizer（SEOF）.The nutrient properties of the SEOF were determined,and a pot experiment was conducted to examine the application effect of the fertilizer.After fermentation,the total N,P,and K contents in the SEOF had a significant increase,being 58.0%,84.4%,and 29.7% higher than those in the raw material,respectively.The addition of microbial inoculants shortened the fermentation period,and decreased the carbon and nitrogen losses during fermentation.With the application of SEOF,the seed germination index of cabbage and tomato was higher than 80%,suggesting that the fertilizer had no inhibitory effect on the seed germination.The application of SEOF not only increased the Chinese cabbage yield and its nutrients and Vc contents,decreased the plant nitrate content,but also improved the soil pH value,and increased the soil available nutrients and organic matter contents and soil enzyme activities,with better effect than applying composted goat feces.