农地整理中路沟渠生态化设计研究进展

Ecological design of ditches in agricultural land consolidation: A review

农地整理是人类对农田生态系统的强烈干扰.传统农地整理中路沟渠设计的主要技术经济指标是方便生产通行和调配水资源以及提高水的利用率,尚缺少系统化、生态化考量,已经影响了农田物种扩散,导致生物栖息地环境的退化,并对农田生态系统的生物竞争机制、缓冲和补偿能力、抵御虫害能力产生了显著的负效应.本文系统总结了路沟渠生态化的功能,着重介绍了近年来生态化路沟渠的形式与结构设计、路沟渠生态工法参数的试验以及路沟渠生态材料选择的技术和方法.未来的相关研究应根据各级道路、灌排沟渠的不同功能要求和规格,按照田间不同生物的习性和栖息要求,精确设计能够满足大多数生物需求的农田路沟渠形态、结构和控制性尺寸,切实解决农地整理带来的上述问题.

Agricultural land consolidation is a strong disturbance to farmland ecosystem.In traditional agricultural land consolidation,the main technical and economic indices for the design of ditches include the convenience for production and transportation,the allocation of water resources,and the improvement of water utilization,but short of ecological consideration,which has already affected the spread of agricultural species,caused the degradation of bio-habitat,and given obvious negative effects on the bio-competition mechanism,buffering and compensation capacity,and insect pests-resistance of farmland ecosystem.This paper summarized the functions of ecological ditches,and introduced the recent progress on the formations and construction designs of ecological ditches,tests of ecological engineering methods,and technologies and methods of choosing correct ecological materials.It was suggested that the future research should focus on the different functional requirements and specifications for different roads and ditches,and the characteristics and habitats of all the organisms and animals should be considered by the designers and constructors.Moreover,a comprehensive design which meets the ecological demands for the ditches＇ formations,structures,and regulatory sizes should be taken into account to solve the most of the problems listed above.