职业紧张与职业生命质量的关系研究

Association of Occupational Stress with Quality of Working Life

目的了解不同劳动类型职工职业紧张与职业生命质量(QWL)现状,探讨职业紧张和职业生命质量的关系。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和职业生命质量量表(QWL7-32)对辽河油田的194名调查对象进行测试并对测试结果进行比较分析。结果脑力劳动组职业任务问卷(ORQ)和个体紧张反应问卷(PSQ)得分低于体力劳动组,个体应对资源问卷(PRQ)和QWL得分高于体力劳动组(P<0.05);PSQ得分与ORQ得分呈正相关,与PRQ呈负相关,QWL总分与ORQ、PSQ得分均呈负相关,与PRQ呈正相关(P<0.001);不同程度职业紧张组的QWL得分差异有统计学意义,且QWL得分随紧张程度的增加而下降(P<0.01);职业生命质量的主要影响因素有ORQ、任务冲突(RB)、任务不适(RI)、工作环境(PE)、PSQ、业务紧张(VS)、人际关系紧张(IS)、PRQ(P<0.01)。结论职业紧张越重,职业生命质量越差,可以通过控制职业紧张来提高劳动者的职业生命质量。

Objective To assess occupational stress and quality of working life（QWL） and their association in workers with different jobs.Methods The Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition（OSI-R） and Quality of Working Life Scale（QWL7-32） were administered to 194 workers in the Liaohe Oilfield.The association between occupational stress and quality of working life was analysed by controlling job types and other confounding variables.Results Office workers had significantly lower scores in occupational role questionnaire（ORQ） and personal strain questionnaire（PSQ） and higher scores in personal resources questionnaire（PRQ） and QWL than physical laborers（P0.05）.The PSQ scores were positively correlated with the ORQ scores and negatively correlated with the PRQ scores.The QWL scores were negatively correlated with the ORQ and PSQ scores,and positively correlated with the PRQ scores（P0.001）.The QWL scores changed with job types.The QWL scores declined with the increase of stress levels（P0.01）.ORQ,role boundary （RB）,role insufficiency（RI）,physical environment（PE）,PSQ,vocational strain（VS）,interpersonal strain（IS） and PRQ had a significant impact on quality of working life（P0.01）.Conclusion Occupational stress is associated with quality of working life.Quality of working life can be improved through control of occupational stress.