外科技术的仿真训练

Simulation training of surgical skills

背景:外科技术的仿真训练已有30年历史,如今已经成为了国外医学教育体系的重要组成部分。目的:阐述外科技术仿真训练在训练设备、反馈形式及评估手段等方面的特点及优势,并指出外科技术仿真训练未来的发展方向。方法:检索PubMed数据库中2000/2010关于外科技术仿真训练领域的文章,以"surgery,simulation,training,accreditation,evaluation"为英文检索词。选择与外科技术训练方法、训练设备等相关的论文。初检得到79篇文献,根据纳入标准选择27篇进行综述。结果与结论:外科技术的仿真训练提高了外科住院医生的操作技能,增强了他们对临床实际工作的适应能力,从而在一定程度上增加了医疗的安全性和节省了政府的医疗支出。这些特点和优势使外科技术的仿真训练在当今国外医学教育体系中逐渐取代了传统的临床实习而居于主导地位,具有良好的发展前景。未来的发展主要在于继续摸索更加客观有效的评估指标和评估方法;提高训练设备及训练环境的仿真度;以及加强仿真训练方法学的研究等方面。

BACKGROUND：The simulation training of surgical skills originated about thirty years ago.It has been one of the main parts of medical education.OBJECTIVE：The features and virtues of surgical simulation training on the facility,feedback and measurement were presented and its future development was suggested.METHODS：A computer online search was performed to find papers published between 2000 and 2010 in PubMed database.The key words ＂surgery,simulation,training,accreditation and evaluation＂ were used to search.Documents concerning the methods and facilities of surgical skills training were included.In this way,79 documents were obtained at first,and then 27 were selected according to the including standard.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The simulation training of surgical skills improves the skills of surgical residents,the adaptability of clinical environment and the security of surgery and reduces the government medical expenses.Therefore,the simulation training of surgical skills is replacing traditional clinical training to be the leading position in surgical education.Furthermore,it surely has a promising future.In terms of the future development,the improvements in the indices and methods of assessment,the level of the fidelity of simulators and the methods of simulation training were considered as the possible directions.