不同材料矫形器的生物学性能

Biological properties of orthoses made of different materials

背景:矫形器通过力的作用以预防、矫正畸形,达到治疗骨骼、关节、肌肉和神经疾患并补偿其功能的效果。目的:介绍了矫形器的分类,不同材料矫形器的性能及应用效果。方法:以"矫形器,生物学性能,先天性马蹄内翻足,婴幼儿"为中文关键词,以"orthosis,Congenital ClubFoot"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed数据库(1996-01/2010-12)相关文章。纳入与矫形器材料、以及先天性马蹄内翻足治疗相关内容的文献,排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章,共入选20篇文章进入结果分析。并回顾性分析应用低温热塑板或高温热塑板,根据3点力作用原理设计制作静态足踝矫形器或动态足踝矫形器,结合手法推拿等综合治疗婴幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足96例(106足)临床效果。结果与结论:文章重点从矫形器的分类、矫形器的材料、矫形器的基本作用及临床验证几方面进行了叙述。目前常用的矫形器材料主要有金属材料(钢材和铝合金)、皮革、橡胶、塑料及各种纤维等。临床验证结果:随访1年优86例(93足);良8例(10足);可2例(3足)。提示选用高温热塑板制作成静态踝足矫形器或动态踝足矫形器治疗婴幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足早期效果满意。

BACKGROUND：Orthoses are used to prevent and correct deformity through the force in order to treat bone,joint,muscle and nerve disorders and compensate the functions.OBJECTIVE：To introduce the classification,properties,and curative effects of orthoses made of different materials.METHODS：A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases（1996-01/2010-12）were performed using the Key words of＂orthosis,biological properties,congenital club food,infants＂in Chinese and＂orthosis,congenital club foot＂in English.Articles related to orthosis and congenital club foot were included,and repetitive article or Meta analysis were excluded.Finally,20 articles were included in the result analysis.A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of static or dynamic ankle ortosis produced by low-temperature or high-temperature thermoplastic plate according to 3-point force principle in combination with massage on 96 cases of congenital club foot（106 feet）.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：This paper focuses on the classification,materials,fundamental role and clinical effect of orthosis.Now,orthopedic materials are metal（steel and aluminum）,leather,rubber,plastics and fibers.Clinical validation results within 1 year show excellent efficacy in 86 cases（93 feet）,good in 8 cases（10 feet）,and fair in 2 cases（3 feet）.It is indicated that static or dynamic ankle ortosis produced by high-temperature thermoplastic plate for treatment of congenital club foot can obtain good early effects.