广州市帽峰山常绿阔叶林生态系统的暴雨水文特征

The runoff character of rainstorm in Maofeng mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Guangzhou

采用集水区定位观测方法,对广州市帽峰山常绿阔叶林生态系统的暴雨产流特征及水文效应进行了观测研究,结果表明,常绿阔叶林冠层对暴雨的截留率为10.6%、对大暴雨的截留率为9.7%;暴雨产流率27.1%、大暴雨36.0%;暴雨发生月的24 d内降雨545.0 mm、常绿阔叶林系统产流率达到48.2%,森林生态系统的拦蓄、调节效益显著;常绿阔叶林生态系统分别调节3次暴雨的7.1%、6.3%、12.4%,二次大暴雨量的12.5%、8.3%形成为总经输出的基流量,系统的调节效应显著尤其是大暴雨;系统的水文响应逐渐接近蓄满产流特征,以此可进一步计算该森林生态系统的涵养水源容量。常绿阔叶林生态系统对3次暴雨携N、P、Pb、Cd、Ze具有较强的贮滤机能,其储虑量分别占输入量25.8%、53.1%、60.3%、54.7%、95.1%,体现出常绿阔叶林林生态系统对暴雨水化学具有显著的环境生态效应。

Using watershed located observation method.The runoff characters and hydrology effect by rainstorm were analyzed in Maofeng mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem of Guangzhou.The results indicated that,the rainstorm interception rate of the canopy of evergreen broad-leaved forest was 10.6%,and the heavy rainstorm interception rate was 9.7%;The runoff rate of rainstorm was 27.1%,and the heavy rainstorm was 36.0%;Comparing the 48.2% runoff rate during the 24 days which the rainfall was 545.0 mm,and the system has marked effect that retain the mountain flood.7.1%,6.3% and 12.4% of three times storm and 12.5%,8.3% of heavy storm was adjusted to radical runoff by evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.The system has marked the adjust effect of storm-runoff because to the hydrology influence layer was under the condition of full storage,the runoff increased,and the base flow supplying reduced.So the holding water quantity of the forest ecosystem can be calculated.The storm input N,P and heavy metal pollution elements Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn was storage by the system and the purification effect was remarkable,it showed that the semi-tropical evergreen broad-leaved urban forest had environmental ecological effect.