民居立体分布论——壮族占水头,瑶族占箐头

An Analysis of Vertical Geography Distribution of Vernacular Architecture

以"民居垂直分布论",亦即主张强势民族占领富庶平野地,弱势民族退居贫瘠高山区之观点,来谈论少数民族民居的生态分布。20多年来,通过对中国西南山区到东南亚北部山区的民族社会与民居形态的田野调查发现,人类生存斗争的残酷历史在世界各地不停上演,决定了民居的立体分布现象。民居的立体分布模式乃是依从"先以武力决定农耕形态,再以农耕形态决定民居形式"的逻辑形成。尽管很多民居研究者喜欢以"世外桃源"、"香格里拉"来论述少数民族的居住文化,但以适者生存的道理来诠释其事实,也许更能取信于人。

This paper advances a viewpoint of＂vertical geography distribution of vernacular architecture＂,which emphasizes that the dominant ethnic groups occupies the rich and populous plains while the minorities are forced to migrate to the barren mountainous areas,to explain the ecological distribution of vernacular architecture of minority ethnic groups.According to the fieldwork on the minority ethnic tribes and their vernacular houses throughout Southwest China and Northern Area of Southeast Asia during the last 20 years,it is found the history of human survival of different ethnic groups is cruel and full of fighting.It is still the case in every corner of the earth,which results in the vertical distribution of vernacular architecture.It could be said that the vertical distribution pattern results from the rules of＂Agricultural pattern is determined by force first,and then it determines the vernacular architecture＂. Although some researchers of vernacular architecture prefer to use the term＂Arcadia＂or＂Shangri-La＂to characterize the dwelling culture of the minorities,the brutal principle of＂survival of the fittest＂is supposed to be more convincing for interpreting the fact.Based on this human survival history,it will be a great honor if this paper can provide a more reasonable scope to the vernacular architecture distribution of minority ethnic groups.