试论“守园难”背后的中国文人心态

On the Mentality of Chinese Ancient Literati behind the "Difficulty to Maintain Gardens"

中国园林因其多灾多难的命运,古往今来,百不存一,遂常成为中国文人托物感怀的道具与场景。中国文人在对名园难守的感慨里,既有对美好事物逝去的本能伤感,更有着对世事无常、命运难料的深刻体验。名园盛衰转瞬、福兮祸伏的命运,激起的是人们强烈的时间感受和忧患意识。由此在中国文人的眼里,人造的园林与真山真水之间,其最大的心理不同是园林的短暂与真山真水的永恒。而园林命运的多舛,又与文人个体的境遇相仿佛,因此,人们在凭吊园林时,有时是在凭吊自己,抒发的是由园及人的独特感悟。

Chinese ancient gardens seldom survived the calamities along the history, which often become the props and scenes for Chinese ancient literati to express their sentiments. In their emotional sigh of the ＂difficulty to maintain famous gardens＂, there were instinct sadness for the passing of good things and also the profound experience of the uncertain life and fate. The calamitous fate of famous gardens stirred people＇s strong feeling of time and hardships. Thus in the eyes of Chinese ancient literati, the biggest psychological difference between man- made garden and real landscape lies in the short duration of garden and the eternity of landscape. The fate of unfortunate gardens was also about the same with the literati？？s individual life, so sometimes they were pondering their own life and experiences when paying tribute to gardens.