从一组早期校舍作品解读圣约翰大学建筑系的设计思想

A Reading of the Design Thinking of St John's University's Department of Architecture with Reference to a Set of Early Designs for a Technical School

上海圣约翰大学建筑系是中国近代时期最早全面引进现代建筑思想的教学机构。文章研究了该系师生设计的一组早期校舍作品——原山东省中等技术学校校舍(1951年建成),分析建筑所蕴藏的现代特点,指出设计者在注重功能、结构等现代建筑的基本特征之外,采用"流动空间"的处理、"风格派"的造型、多种材质的精心搭配等多重现代设计方法。文章进一步揭示了这些手法源自于西方现代建筑运动中的多条探索路线,包括密斯的空间处理、"风格派"的建筑形态操作方式、格罗比乌斯和包豪斯的教育中对材质的关注等。同时文章分析了中国传统园林空间对该系师生探索现代建筑的重要影响,阐述了他们在建筑创作中融合传统文化的独特方式。

St.John＇s University＇s Department of Architecture was perhaps the first institution that systematically introduced and taught Modern Architecture to China.The paper studies one of the works created by its faculty and students,the formerly Shandong Secondary Technical School built in 1951. The author analyses aspects of modernism in the design that showed characteristics of modern spatial treatment, forms effected by the school of De Stijl,and the integration of various building materials.Furthermore, the author investigates the western elements of design attributed to influences by Mies Van Der Rohe,De Stijl, and Gropius/Bauhaus,at the same time evidence of influence of spatial art of traditional Chinese gardens to the designers is discussed as well.