不同材料、形状和空隙的人工参礁对刺参诱集效果的试验研究

Attractive effects of artificial reef models of different shapes,mate-rials and spatial arrangements on Japanese sea-cucumber Aposti-chopus japonicas

采用行为学方法,对体长2-7 cm、体质量2-30 g的刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）在实验室水槽中自然光照下的行为特性进行观察,分别记录了刺参在水槽中无礁（对照组）和有礁区域的分布情况,并分析了不同形状、材料及距水槽底部不同空隙的人工参礁对刺参的诱集效果。实验观察发现,刺参在水槽中有明显的爬壁现象;-对礁体第一反应为寻找空隙或阴影处;-在PVC材料礁体中行为不稳定。正三棱柱无底无缝隙礁体处理组的平均聚集率（MAR）,与对照组相比有极显著差异（P〈0.01）,并显著高于有底有缝隙处理组和有底无缝隙处理组（P〈0.05）;黏土材料礁体的MAR显著高于水泥材料和PVC材料（P〈0.05）;距水槽底部3.4 cm的单片瓦片礁MAR与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）,并显著高于距水槽底部0.8 cm的礁体（P〈0.05）。实验结果说明：1）实验所用人工参礁对刺参有很好的诱集效果;-2）刺参对礁体形状的选择主要取决于空隙大小和数量以及阴影处光亮度;3）刺参对礁体材料的选择主要取决于礁体表面的粗糙度;4）总体来说,刺参对礁体形状的选择优先于对礁体材料的选择。本研究旨在为今后刺参增养殖和资源保护以及人工参礁的设计开发等提供科学依据。

In providing shelter for sea-cucumbers,artificial reefs also protect and enhance sea-cucumber stocks.However,few studies have been conducted on the benefits and attractive effects of artificial reefs on the Japanese sea-cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka 1867.Thus,based on behavioral studies,the behavior of A.ja-ponicus under natural light in an experimental water-tank,with and without（control group） artificial reef models,was observed.A.japonicus of 2–7 cm body length and 2–30 g body weight were used.The floor of the water tank was divided into 15 sections with different artificial reef models varying in shape,material and distance from the tank bottom（referred to as ＂space＂）.Mean distribution rates（MDR） of A.japonicus were recorded and the mean attractive rates（MAR） of the reef models were analyzed and compared.Observations demonstrated that A.ja-ponicus tended to climb the tank wall in search of shaded areas or narrow interspaces.For the PVC reef models,A.japonicus passed through them but seldom stayed.The MAR for the triangular prism model without a base and space was significantly different from the control group（P〈0.01）,the triangular prism model with a base and space and the triangular prism model with a base and without space（P〈0.05）.The MAR of the clay model was significant higher than either the cement or PVC models（P〈0.05）.The MAR of the tile model with a 3.4-cm space from the tank bottom was very significantly different from the control group（P〈0.01） and was much higher than the tile model with a 0.8-cm space from the tank bottom（P〈0.05）.Results have shown that：（1） artificial reefs have a desirable effect on A.japonicus,（2） the preference for reef shape was related to interspaces and degree of shade,and（3） the preference for reef material was related to surface roughness,which was top priority for A.ja-ponicus.