淡水蚌类发生与发育研究进展

Gametogenesis and development of freshwater bivalve molluscs:A Review

淡水蚌类是水域生物多样性的重要组成部分,对水体的物质循环和能量流动起着巨大的作用,且具有较高的营养、经济和生态价值。由于栖息环境的改变、过度捕捞、水体污染、缺少寄生鱼和受到外来物种的入侵,其资源状况不容乐观。而且它们繁殖生物学具有特殊性,生活周期较长,这就给全面把握其完整生活史带来困难。本文综述了国内外有关淡水蚌类配子的发生、胚胎发育、寄生,稚蚌、幼蚌以及成蚌的生长发育研究的最新进展,旨在总体上了解其生活史全过程的特点及繁殖生物学意义,从而为淡水蚌类资源保护和增殖以及生物指示物的开发提供参考。

Freshwater bivalve molluscs（Mollusca：Unionidae） are an important components of the aquatic biodi-versity.They also play a vital role in food webs,water quality,and nutrient cycling of freshwater ecosystems with high economic values.However,declines in species richness and abundance of this faunal group have been attrib-uted to habitat alteration,commercial harvest,and competition from the exotic mussel and pollution.Freshwater mussels are one of the most endangered groups of animals in the world and in urgent need of protection and con-servation,but it＇s difficult to recognize the characters of their whole life-history due to the long life cycle and the unique reproductive biology.The present paper reviews the recent advances in existing literatures on gametogene-sis,embryonic development,parasitism,development and growth of juvenile and adult Unionidae.It is helpful to understand integratedly the characteristics at each stage.Furthermore,the paper will provide useful reference bases for captive breeding,resource conservation,and bioindicator development of Unionid mussels.