影响美国语言教育政策出台的背景因素研究——基于霍姆斯四模式研究框架

Research on Background Factors of Affecting the Issue of American Language Education Policy-Based on Researching Framework of Holmes’ Four Modes

美国社会语言能力有限的问题使大量语言少数族裔儿童①因学业成绩不佳,未来不能积极有效地参与政治、民主、经济等国家生活之中。2002年颁布的《英语习得法》使实施34年的《双语教育法》退出历史舞台。以霍姆斯四模式为分析框架,把《双语教育法》和《英语习得法》置于规范模式、组织制度模式、精神状态模式和自然环境模式中,对不同语境下美国语言教育政策出台的背景因素分析表明,联邦政府将变相的教育机会"不平等"又一次"悄然"转嫁给语言少数族裔学生。

In America,limited language ability leads to poor grades of a large number of language minority students.They will not be able to participate in politics,democracy and economy actively and effectively.In 2002,English Acquisition Act ended the implementation of Bilingual Education Act that has been enforced for 34 years.Based on Holmes’ four modes as an analysis framework,Bilingual Education Act and English Acquisition Act are put into normative and institutional patterns,patterns of mental states and the natural environment.Analysis of background factors of American language education policy states that the federal government is again 'quietly' transferring 'unequal' education opportunities to language minority students.