甲醛／三聚氰胺配比对三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料性能的影响研究

Inflnence of formaldehyde/melamine ratio on properties of melmine-formaldehyde foam

三聚氰胺和甲醛在温度为85～95℃、氢氧化钠为催化剂、持续反应3～4h的条件下,可反应生成一种固含量≥65%、化学性能相对稳定的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。以这种树脂为基体,加入乳化剂、固化剂和发泡剂,经发泡工艺制备出三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料。研究了甲醛/三聚氰胺的摩尔配比(F/M)对可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的物理性能、有毒物质残余量、机械性能的影响,以及与树脂可发性的关系。结果表明,当F/M=3.0时,可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的固含量为69%;黏度为1 280 mPa.s;抗弯曲强度为305.6 kPa;氧指数为40.5%;热释放速率为0.15 kW/m2;烟灰产率仅为2.1 m2/m2;峰值CO产量为0.0292 kg/kg。

The foamable melamine resin is prepared from formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and melamine at the temperature of 85℃ -95℃ ,using alkine catalyst,by gradually copolymerization for 3 h. The solid content of the resin is over 80% and the chemical properties of the resin is stable. The vesicant, foam emulsifier and the curing agent are used to mixed with the foamable melamine resin to prepare melamine foam. By analyzing the formaldehyde/melamine ratio （molar ratio） , the foam structure, the mechanical properties, and the flame-retardant performance of the melamine foam are researched. The result showed that when the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine is 3.0, the melamine foam is dense and uniform. The solide content is 69% ;viscosity is 1 280 mPa.s;bending strength is 305.6 kPa;oxygen index is 40. 5 ;heat release rate is 0. 15 kW/m^2 ;total smoke release is 2. 1 ma/m^2 ;peak carbon monoxide yield is 0. 65 kg/kg.