中西诗歌格律和音乐节拍特征之比较

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Prosodies and Music Metrical Characteristics

诗歌的格律和音乐的节拍有着密切的关系。通过对中西诗歌格律的分析可以发现,由于汉藏语系诸语言的单词都没有重读音节,故中国诗歌不能和西洋诗歌一样按照单词重音安排节奏单位,而只能按音节的长短进行安排。中西传统音乐中的节拍也有所不同,西洋音乐传统突出节拍重音,而中国传统音乐中却没有节拍重音,只有音高重音、时值重音和感情重音。了解中国诗歌的格律和语言的特征,不仅可帮助学生正确掌握中国传统音乐的节拍特点,同时也对他们更好地学习和继承中国的传统音乐,具有积极的作用。

Prosody and music metrical characteristics are closely related.Based on the analysis of Chinese and Western prosodies,this paper points out that since there is no word accent in the languages of the Sino-Tibetan family,it is impossible to arrange foot according to accents as in the Western poetry composition.In those languages,we only can arrange the rhythmic units according to the length of syllables.Therefore,traditional Chinese music has a distinct metrical system,in which there is no dynamic accent,but only agogic accent,tonic accent and emotional accent.The author hopes that in our schools,we can explain metrical characteristics of Chinese traditional music in combining with the characteristics of Sino Tibetan languages and prosody.