前苏联专家及其在新疆的活动

Soviet Experts and their Activities in Xinjiang of China

1949年新中国建立后,前苏联"成为承认中华人民共和国的第一个友邦"。在此后的一段时期内,中苏关系获得良好发展,其重要表现,就是新中国"一边倒"政策的实行和《中苏友好同盟互助条约》的签订,以及由此而来的前苏联对中国经济建设的大规模援助,大批前苏联专家到中国工作,帮助中国进行社会主义经济建设。由于特殊的地理区位,新疆成为这一时期前苏联对中国进行经济援助的重要地区之一,也是前苏联专家活动的重点地区,人数较多,主要集中在地质矿产、水利建设、农牧业生产、疾病防治以及文化、教育等领域,为恢复发展新疆经济文化做出了贡献。

After the founding of the People＇s Republic of China in 1949,the Soviet Union became the first country that established the formal diplomatic relations with China.Then,the Sino-Soviet relations went on smoothly due to China＇s special favorable policies towards Soviet Union and the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship,Alliance and Mutual Assistance.The Soviet Union then gave much financial aid to China＇s economic construction and a large number of Russian experts came to China.Due to its specific geographic position,Xinjiang became a focus of its financial aid to China,especially in geology,mining,water conservancy,agriculture,animal husbandry,disease prevention,culture,and education,which contributed much to the development of Xinjiang＇s culture and economy.