从损失补偿到福利保障——发达国家农业保险的福利化转型探析

From Compensation for Loss to Welfare Insurance: The Welfare Transformation of the Agricultural Insurance of the Developed Countries

发达国家农业保险的福利化转型始于20世纪50年代。主要表现为主导模式的根本转变、基本地位的显著提升、政策目标的重大调整、财政投入的迅猛增长、保险范围的急剧扩大、保障程度的大幅提高以及实施方式的强制变革。这些转型的发生受到特定的经济、政治、社会政策和理论方面因素的影响。其对我国农业保险发展的重要启示意义是应循序渐进地推动农业保险的福利化转型、应恰当选择农业保险的政策目标、应充分发挥财政投入对农业保险的拉动效应、应适时推出福利保障性农业保险新产品、应积极推进农业保险实施方式的强制性变革。

The welfare transformation of the agricultural insurance of the developed countries started in the 1950s,which found expression in the dramatic changes in the dominant model and policy,more focus and investment,larger coverage and better implementation.Such changes were under the influence of special policies,politics,and economy.The enlightenment form this transformation is worthwhile to the development of China＇s agricultural insurance and its success relies on a gradual process,suitable policies and insurance measures,reasonable financial investment as well as compulsory reform in its implementation.