“学者型记者”:中国语境下的解释性报道与新闻专业主义——以《三联生活周刊》的工作理论为例

"Scholarly Journalist":On the Interpretative Reporting and Journalistic Professionalism in the Chinese Context

通过对知名新闻杂志《三联生活周刊》的个案研究,考察中国语境下的一种特定的新闻实践与新闻专业主义的关系,并尝试用"学者型记者"的概念进行概括:一方面,它具有新闻专业主义的基本共性,例如自主意识、服务公众、注重事实等;同时又体现着新闻专业主义某些经常被研究者忽视的特定面向,诸如在媒体功能上强调以"理解"推进对复杂中国社会的认知来"服务公众"的基本内涵;在角色认同上,与一般的客观报道以及强调记者介入的调查性报道保持疏离,也不认同以"舆论监督"名义出现的"批评报道";在常规行为准则上,强调以特定社会科学知识构成的分析框架,注重对社会结构变动的理解,从而与关注事件、人物、行动为中心的一般新闻报道理念形成区分。本文认为,"学者型记者"代表着中国新闻专业主义理念及其实践的一种重要类型,其出现是从业者职业独立意识的体现,也构成中国知识分子传统在新时期的一种创造性转化。

This paper examines the journalistic professionalism discourse in the newsroom of a famous Chinese news week.It argues that ＂scholarly journalist＂ could summarize the meaning of typical journalism practice and the ideas in the contemporary Chinese context： on the one hand,it represents the basic characters of professionalism,such as public service,autonomy,objectivity and so on;on the other hand,it shows some unique features,such as providing the public interpretative understanding of complex social life,emphasizing the analytical frame consisting of social science concepts,and paying more attention to the changes of social structure.This paper points out that ＂scholarly journalist＂ demonstrates the independence of news people and the new cultural tradition of Chinese intellectuals.