无偿献血者献血反应的分析与预防

Analysis and prevention of donor-induced reactivity among volunteer donors

目的:探讨无偿献血者晕针原因及相应的预防措施。方法:对我市2009年9月～2010年9月流动采血无偿献血者晕针情况进行回顾性分析。结果:无偿献血者13 935例,其中发生不同程度晕针73例,晕针率0.52%。晕针发生于献血时67例,发生于献血后6例,伴抽搐2例。73例晕针者中首次献血63例,占86.30%,医疗卫生人员献血晕针者5例,占6.85%,空腹献血晕针62例,占84.93%。不同季节晕针反应率也不同,分别为春季0.28%,夏季0.78%,秋季0.20%,冬季0.53%。结论:精神因素是献血反应的主要原因,采血环境对献血者也有一定的影响,献血者休息不充足,及空腹献血也易导致晕针。针对以上原因采取加大宣教工作,提高采血技术,创造良好献血环境,加强心理护理等措施,可明显减少献血不良反应的发生。

Objective： To investigate the cause of fainting blood donors and the corresponding pre- ventive measures. Methods： Retrospective analysis on data of voluntary blood donors that experienced fainting during needle insertion from September 2009 to September 2010 was conducted. Results： Among 13 935 volunteer donors, 73 fainted during needle insertion; 6 fainted after blood donation, of which, 2 al-so had seizures, showing fainting incidence of 0. 52%. Of the 73 fainting donors, 63 were donors for the first time （86.30%）, 5 were medical staff （6.85%）, 62 were fasting （84.93%）. 0.28% of the fainting occurred in Spring, 0.78% in Summer, 0. 20% in Autumn, and 0.53% in Winter. Conclusions： Physio- logical factors and environment, lack of rest, and being fasting were factors leading to fainting during needle insertion. Counter measures including improved technology, and creation of better environment, proper physiological care can prevent donor induced reactivity among volunteer donors.