某铜冶炼厂周围儿童全血铅等重金属元素含量的调查

Survey on Level of Blood Lead and Other Heavy Metal Elements in Children Living around Copper Smeltery

目的了解某铜冶炼厂对周边居住儿童血铅及其他重金属含量的影响。方法 2010年11—12月期间以某铜冶炼厂为固定点源,在与其距离0～5 km、5～10 km、>10 km处分别选取1～2所小学,以6～11岁儿童作为研究对象,共采集80名儿童(其中男童38人,女童42人)的静脉血。采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定全血中铅、锌、铁、铜、硒、镍、汞、镉、铬、锰十种元素的含量。结果血铅、铜、镉和锰的几何均值分别为28.50、926.67、0.16和17.19μg/L,血锌和硒的算术均值分别为5.23 mg/L和131.78μg/L;血铁、镍、汞、铬的中位数分别为469.98 mg/L、2.38μg/L、0.55μg/L和1.73μg/L。儿童全血重金属含量与其在读学校距冶炼厂的距离及儿童年龄之间都无明显的相关关系。血铅、铁、锌分布存在性别差异,其余元素在不同性别的分布无统计学差异。结论铜冶炼厂周边儿童全血铅及其他重金属元素含量基本在正常值范围内;儿童全血重金属元素含量与其在读学校距污染源的距离无相关关系。

Objective To describe the impact of copper smeltery on blood lead level and the other heavy metal elements of children living around it. Methods Eighty children aged 6-11 years from 4 schools located within 5 km, between 5-10 km, over 10 km away from the copper smeltery were chosen, respectively. Of them 38 were boys and 42 were girls. The venous blood were collected by purple-cap tube and with ICP-MS, the levels of lead, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, nickel, mercury, cadmium, chromium and manganese were determined. Results The GM of lead, copper, cadmium and manganese were 28.53μg/L, 926.67 μg/L ,0.16μg/L and 17.19 μg/L, respectively; the mean of selenium and zinc were 5.23 mg/L and 131.78 μg/L; the median of iron, nickel, mercury, and chromium were 69.98 mg/L, 2.38 μg/L, 0.55μg/L and 1.73μg/L, respectively. The results of stratified analysis showed that there was no dose-response relationship between the distance from the cooper smeltery and the concentrations of blood heavy metals; The blood levels of lead, iron and zinc in boys were significantly higher compared with girls （P〈0.05）, while the other heavy metals without gender difference; There was no significant correlation between age of children and the levels of blood heavy metals. Conclusion The level of blood lead and the other heavy metal elements in children living around the investigated cooper smeltery were largely in the range of healthy children＇s blood heavy metal levels reported; there was no significant correlation between children＇s residences and the heavy metal elements concentrations in blood.