4种类型单亲家庭亲子心理健康状况分析

Survey and related analysis of parent-child mental health status in four types of single-parent families

目的比较天津市不同类型单亲家庭的中小学生及其家长心理健康现状,为开展单亲学生心理健康工作提供理论帮助。方法采取多级分层随机整群抽样方法,对天津市12所中小学校合计36个班级1 800余名学生进行心理健康状况调查。结果父亲抚养的男生心理健康问题检出率明显高于其他组的单亲学生;单亲学生对人焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向6个方面以及总分均明显高于双亲学生(P值均<0.01);自卑类型为Ⅲ的单亲学生的得分高于双亲学生(P=0.01);单亲男生父亲惩罚严厉得分明显高于单亲女生,差异有统计学意义(t=3.146,P=0.003),男生过分干涉得分高于女生,差异有统计学意义(t=2.142,P=0.040)。单亲家长的躯体化、人际关系、焦虑和偏执得分均高于国内常模;母亲恐怖、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对得分也高于父亲,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。父亲情感温暖与单亲学生的身体症状呈负相关(P<0.01),父亲惩罚压力与单亲学生对人焦虑呈正相关(P<0.01);母亲情感温暖与单亲学生过敏倾向、自卑总分呈负相关(P值均<0.01),母亲惩罚严厉与单亲学生的身体症状呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论天津市4种不同家庭类型的单亲中小学生心理健康现状、家长的教养方式及单亲家长的心理健康状况均存在差异。

Objective To investigate and compare the mental health status of single-parent students and their parents of different family types in Tianjin. Methods A questionnaire survey was used to measure the mental health of more than 1 800 students in May to October of 2009. Those students were selected in 36 classes, which were chosen by random stratified cluster sampling from 12 elementary and junior middle schools of six districts of Tianjin. Results The detection rate of father supported boys was significantly higher than other groups of single-parent students. In anxiety, loneliness, orientation, allergy tendency, somatic symptoms, terrorist tendency, impulse tendency and total score, single-parent students＇ scores were significantly higher than other students＂ scoresl P 〈0.01 ）. FIS Type Ⅲ single parent students scored higher than othersl P =0.01 ）, no statistica significant differences between four groups. In father＇s over-punishment, single-parent boys scored significantly higher than single girls, the difference was statistically significant （ t = 3. 146, P = 0. 003）, in the scores of excessive intervention, boys＇ were higher than girls; difference was statistically significant （ t = 2. 142, P = 0. 040 ） ; On SCL - 90 factors, somatization symptoms, interpersonal relationship, anxiety and paranoid of single parents scored higher than domestic norm. On the factors of phobic, somatization, depression, anxiety and hostile, the mothers scored significantly higher than fathers, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Fathers＇ emotional warmth and single-parent students＇ physical symptoms were significant negatively correlated（ P 〈0.01 ）. Fathers＂ punishment was a significant positive correlation of anxiety to people（ P 〈0.01 ）. Mother＇s emotional warmth and single students allergic tendency, self-abased total score were significant negatively correlated（ P〈0.01 ）, mother＇s over-punish- ment and single-parent students＇ physical symptoms were positively correlated （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The mental health status of single-parent students and their parents, as well as the rearing styles of the four family types in Tianjin are different.