广西2009年度学生法定报告传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of students' notifiable infectious diseases in 2009 in Guangxi

目的了解广西2009年度学生传染病的流行病学特点,为有效降低学生传染病发病率提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析广西学生2009年法定报告传染病发病资料。结果 2009年广西学生法定报告传染病发病率为544.72/10万,死亡率为0.61/10万,病死率为0.11%。发病数占广西全人群传染病数的15.71%,死亡数占3.66%。发病居前5位的病种依次为流行性腮腺炎、甲型H1N1流感、流行性感冒、病毒性肝炎和手足口病,占发病总数的88.03%;死亡居前3位的病种依次为狂犬病、甲型H1N1流感和流行性乙型脑炎,占总死亡数的89.36%。全年均有病例报告,各类传染病有不同的发病高峰季节,10月中旬开始升高,11月下旬达高峰,12月下旬降至低谷。12～17岁组发病占总发病数的50%左右,但各类传染病发病数高的年龄组不同,不同类别学校发病率高低不相同。结论呼吸道传染病在2009年广西学生法定报告传染病中最常见,学生传染病防治的重点应放在呼吸道传染病。

Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics of Guangxi infectious diseases among students in 2009 and to provide scientific basis to reduce its morbidity effectively. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was carried out to analyze the surveillance data of Guangxi infectious diseases among students in 2009. Results The total morbidity rate was 544.72 per 100 000. The mortality rate was 0.61 per 100 000 and the fatality rate was O. 11%. The cases accounted for 15.71% in all cases from the whole population and death cases accounted for 3.66% in all death cases in Guangxi. The first 5 infectious diseases according to the morbidity were mumps, H1N1 flu, flu, viral hepatitis and hand- foot-mouth diseases, which accounted for 88.03% in all cases from the whole population. The first 3 infectious diseases according to the mortality rate were rabies, H1N1 flu and epidemic encephalitis B, which accounted for 89.36% in all death cases. There were cases reported throughout the year and the seasonal peak varied depend on different infectious diseases. In general, the morbidity rates begin to increases in the middle of October and to the peak in the end of November and decrease to the lowest in the end of December. The cases of the students aged 12 - 17 accounted for one half of the total eases of students but the age peak of morbidity rate of different infectious disease varies. The morbidity rates varied according to different schools. Conclusion Respiratory infectious diseases are commonest in Guangxi Notifiable Infectious Diseases in students in 2009, which should be the focus in prevention and control of the students＇ infectious diseases.