杭锦后旗饮水氟砷暴露对儿童智力的影响

Effects of fluoride and arsenic in drinking water on children's intelligence

目的了解饮水氟、砷暴露对儿童智力的影响,为保护饮水型地方性氟砷中毒病区儿童健康提供科学依据。方法选择内蒙古杭锦后旗农村地区268名小学生作为研究对象,采集家庭饮用水样,测定氟、砷含量;采用联合型瑞文测试对研究对象进行智力测验,并针对家庭一般情况、饮水水源情况、儿童健康状况及其他智力影响因素等情况进行问卷调查。结果杭锦后旗儿童家庭饮用水氟含量为(1.24±0.74)mg/L,砷含量为(0.13±0.16)mg/L,均超过国家饮用水卫生标准限值。饮水砷含量≥0.05 mg/L的女生智商(95.9±14.2)显著低于饮水砷含量<0.05 mg/L的女生(101.3±13.2),而不同水砷浓度男生智商差异无统计学意义。饮水砷浓度≥0.05 mg/L对女生智商影响的调整OR值为2.81,而不同水氟浓度儿童智商差异无统计学意义。结论饮水氟、砷暴露不利于儿童的智力发育,对女生智力的影响较明显。

Objective To study the effect of fluoride and arsenic exposure in drinking water on children＇s intelligence, and to provide scientific basis for children＇s health protection. Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight pupils in Hangjinhou Qi, Inner Mongolia were selected as subjects. Fluoride and arsenic in drinking water were determined. The Chinese combined Raven＇s Test was applied to evaluate the intelligence of children. In addition, the questionnaire survey was conducted to find out information including general information of households, source of drinking water, health of subjects and intelligence-related factors. Results The average concentrations of fluoride and arsenic in drinking water were （ 1.24±0.74 ） mg/L and （0.13±0.16） mg/L, which were higher than limits of national standard. The intelligence quotient （95.9 ±14.2） of girls exposed to arsenic i〉 0.05 mg,/L in drinking water was lower than IQ of girls （ 101.3± 13.2） exposed to low level arsenic （ 〈 0.05 mg/L）. IQ of boys had not been ob- served significant difference between high and low level of arsenic exposure. Adjusted OR of effect of arsenic on girls＇ IQ was 2.81. On the other hand1 IQs of children exposed to high and low level of fluoride in drinking water showed no significant difference. Conclusion Children＇s exposure to arsenic of high concentration in drinking water probably has adverse effects on their intelligence development in some degree. Girls＇ IQ seem more susceptible to arsenic.