生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染半定量风险评估研究

Semi-quantitative risk assessment for Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk

目的探索上海市生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的风险。方法按微生物风险评估的程序,应用半定量风险评估软件(risk ranger)结合流行病学调查和微生物检测等。结果上海市金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素性食物中毒列报告的细菌性食物中毒暴发事件第3位;金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素性食物中毒的严重性中等、全人群易感;4—6月上海市生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染率为72.0%,乳及乳制品日均消费量达86.60 g/人;假设生乳在加工前金黄色葡萄球菌超过105 CFU/g的概率为1/1 000,则每人每天因食用污染金黄色葡萄球菌污染乳及乳制品引起食物中毒的概率为2.5×10-7,每年因金黄色葡萄球菌污染乳及乳制品食物中毒病例数862人,风险等级49。结论上海市生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的风险程度属于中等,需加强监管。

Objective To evaluate the risk of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk in Shanghai by semi-quantitative risk assessment.Methods Based on the basic procedure of microbial risk assessment,a semi-quantitative risk assessment software（risk ranger） combining with epidemiological survey and microbial tests was applied.Results The reported outbreaks of foodborn poisoning caused by staphylococcal intoxication were the third of important bacterial food poisoning accidents in Shanghai.Staphylococcal intoxication is moderate hazard and susceptible for all populations.The contamination rate of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk was 72.0% in Shanghai.The average consumption of milk and milk products was 86.60 grams per person per day.If the probability of contamination was one thousandth,the CFU of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk would be more than 105 per gram of raw milk before processing,the probability of food poisoning per day per consumer of interest would be 2.5×10-7,the total predicted food poisoning per annum in population of interest would be 862 and the risk ranking was 49.Conclusion Because the risk of Staphylococcus aureus contaminated in raw milk in Shanghai was in moderate hazard,the supervision and management of raw milk and milk products should be improved.