新疆褐牛导入美国瑞士褐牛后代犊牛放牧补饲试验

The experimental study of the American Switzerland brown cow and the Xinjiang brown cow filial generation calf cow graze feeding

[目的]研究新疆褐牛导入杂交后代在不同生产方式下的生产性能与适应性。[方法]选择美新褐杂交F1代、F2代犊牛68头,并按品种类型、性别随机分为2组,试验组为放牧补饲生产,对照组为天然放牧生产。[结果]表明：美新褐牛F1代、F2代犊牛试验组与对照组相比日增重显著（P〈0.05）,试验组F1代较F2代公牛日增重提高10%,对照组F1代较F2代公牛日增重提高16.95%,试验组F1代较F2代母牛日增重提高10.39%,美新褐牛F1代犊牛在试验中期（7月15日-8月15日）的补饲效果最好,公、母犊牛补饲收益为3.1元/（头.日）与3.25元/（头.日）,美新褐牛F2代犊牛在试验前期（6月15日-7月15日）的补饲效果最好,公、母犊牛的补饲日收益分别为3.3元/（头.日）与0.9元/（头.日）。[结论]建议：①牧区充分利用F1代的杂交优势开展生产,并在F2代的基础上适当的使用母本新疆褐牛公牛进行回交,提高放牧生产适应性;②从经济效益角度来看,犊牛放牧补饲技术在伊犁河谷以6-8月应用效果最佳。

【Objective】To study the production performance and adaptability under different modes of production of the hybrids of Xinjiang brown cattle.【Method】68 F1 and F2 generation of Xinjiang brown cattle were chosen and divided into two groups according to the variety type and sex.The experimental group was raised by grazing and supplementary feeding,the control group was natural grazing.【Result】 The daily gain of F1 and F2 generation of calf cow in experimental group had significant difference with those in the control group（P〈0.05）.The F1 generation bull increased 10% daily gain than F2 generation in the experimental group,which increased 16.95% in the control group.The F1 generation cow increased 10.39% in daily gain thant that of F2 generation in the experimental group,The supplementary feeding effect of F1 calf in experimental intermediate stage was the best（From July 15th to August 15）.The feeding benefit of male and female calves was 3.1 and 3.25 Yuan per day per cattle.The supplementary feeding effect of F2 calf in experimental early stage was the best（from June 15th to July 15） was the best,and the supplementary feeding income of male and female calf respectively was 3.3 Yuan and 0.9 Yuan per day per cattle.【Conclusion】Advise：①The pastoral area should make full use of the heterosis of F1 generation,and develop the appropriate backcross based on the cow of F2 generation by useing Xinjiang Brown bull to improve the adaptability of grazing production.②From the economic point of view,the grazing and supplementary feeding method of in Yili river valley had the best effect during 6-8 months.