不同植物生长调节剂对新疆棉花干物质积累、产量和品质的影响

Study on the effect of plant growth regulators on dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of cotton in Xinjiang

通过大田试验研究了3种不同的植物生长调节剂及其施用方法对棉花干物质积累特性以及品质和产量的影响效应。试验设计为叶面喷施缩节胺、随水滴施多效唑、随水滴施促根剂和随水滴施多效唑+促根剂。结果表明:不同的化控处理棉株干物质积累均随生育期延长而持续增加,动态变化可用"S"曲线方程拟合。干物质积累速率呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在出苗后约75 d左右。多效唑与促根剂混合滴施,棉株地上部总干物质、茎叶干物质和蕾铃干物质生长的最快时期提前,关键时期持续期长,干物质积累量和积累速率增加,棉花单株铃数和单铃重显著增加,产量达到6 941.13 kg/hm2,分别较滴施促根剂处理、滴施多效唑处理和叶面喷施缩节胺处理提高了7.7%、9.6%和10.4%。从棉纤维品质性状来分析,多效唑与促根剂混合滴施进行综合调控,有效地改善了棉花的经济性状,提高了麦克隆值和衣分率,增强了纤维的断裂比强度。叶面喷施缩节胺在促进棉株干物质积累、产量和纤维品质方面均为最低。

This paper,through experiment in farmland,studied the dry matter accumulation characteristics,quality and yield of cotton affected by 3 different kinds of plant growth regulators as well as application methods.Four treatments were designed in the experiment： spraying DPC on leaf,dripping PP333 with water,dripping rooting agent with water and mixed dripping PP333 and rooting agent with water. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of cotton was increasing with growth stage extending and appeared ＂S＂ curve.The dry matter accumulation rate changed as a single-peak curve and the peak value emerged about 75 d after seed emergence.The fast-growing period of total dry matter of shoot,stem and leaf dry matter and bud and boll dry matter were all advanced through the measures of mixed dripping PP333 and rooting agent,and had a long time of crucial period,effectively increased dry matter accumulation amount and rate,significantly improved boll number per plant and single boll weight of cotton,so the yield came to 6 941.13 kg/hm2,increasing respectively by 7.7%,9.6% and 10.4% compared to rooting agent treatment,PP333 treatment and DPC treatment.Analyzing from the traits of cotton fiber quality,the micron value and lint button percent were increased under the measure of mixed dripping PP333 and rooting agent,specific breaking strength was also strengthened,and economic characters of cotton were availably perfected.The treatment of spaying DPC had the lowest effect on increasing dry matter accumulation,yield and fiber quality of cotton.