4Low Y M,Goh Y H. Endovascular treatment of epistaxis in patients irradiated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Clin Otolaryngol, 2003,28 : 244- 247.
5Klotz D A, Winkle M R, Richmon J, et al. Surgical management of posterior epistaxis: a changing paradigm. Laryngoscope, 2002,112: 1577- 1582.
6McGarry GW. Nasal endoscope in posterior epistaxis: a preliminary evaluation. Laryngol Otol, 1991,105: 428-431.
7EL-Guindy A. Endoscopic transseptal sphenopalatine artery ligation for intractable posterior epistaxis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1998,107:1033-1037.
8Voegels RL, Thome DC, Iturralde PP, et al. Endoscopic ligature of the sphenopalatine artery for severe posterior epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2001,124: 464-467.
10Siniluoto TM,Leinonen AS,Karttunen AI,et al.Embolization for the treatment of posterior epistaxis [ J ].Axch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,1993,119(8):837-841.
5Walker T W,Mccfarlane T V,Mcgarry G W.The epidemiology and chrono-biology of epistaxis:an investigation of Scottish hospital admissions1995-2004[J].Clin Otolaryngol,2007,32(5):361-365.
6Santaolalla F ,Araluee I, Zabala A, et al. Efficacy of selective percutaneous embolization for the treatment of intractable posterior epistaxis and juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) [ J ]. Acta Otolaryngol,2009,129 (12) : 1456-1462.
7Minni A, Dragonetti A, Gera R, et al.Endoscopie management of recurrent epistaxis: the experience of two metropolitan hospitals in Italy[J]. Acta Otolaryngol, 2010, 130(34): 1048-1052.
8Howe D J, Wazir U, Skinner D W.Outcomes of endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation for epistaxis: a five-year series from a single institution[J]. Ear Nose Throat J, 2012, 91(21): 70-72.
9田勇良.耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学[M].6版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:84-86.
10Holzmann D,Kaufmann T,Pedrini P,et al.Posterior epistaxis:en-donasalexposure and occlusion of the branches of the sphenopal-ine artery[J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2003,260(1):425-428.