试论先秦冠礼和笄礼的象征意义

On the Symbolism of Crown Ceremony and Hairpin Rite during the Pre- Qin Period

从原始社会发展而来的男女成年礼在进入阶级社会以后,其性质已经发生了变化。它不再是步入成年的青年男女分别获得成人资格的象征,而是成为西周宗法社会剥夺女性社会权力,实现男性统治的有效工具。男子通过冠礼走出家庭走向社会,不但获得了社会性成人的资格,而且正式成为家族血缘的继承人,拥有了领导家庭和参与社会的双重权利。女子则通过笄礼的实施被剥夺了社会性成人资格,她们不再拥有任何权力,只能由一个家庭走向另一个家庭,通过结婚的方式获得人生的成年。

The ceremony of adults evolved from the primitive society into the class society, its nature had changed. It was no longer the adult status symbol for young men and women into adults, but an effective tool for the patriarchal society depriving women＇s social power for the male domination in the Western Zhou Dynasty. By the crown ceremony, a man not only obtained a social adult status, but also became heir to the family by blc^xt who had led a double family rights and participation in society. By the hairpin ceremony, a woman was deprived of adult social status that she no longer had any power only by one family to another family to obtain adult life by way of marriage.