试析清初《明史·理学传》的论争

On the Debate on Mingshi·Lixuezhuan during the Early Qing Dynasty

王阳明心学在清初遭到程朱学者的猛烈批评,从而影响到官修《明史》对明代学术的定位。康熙早期史馆总裁徐元文兄弟提出设立《理(道)学传》的倡议,遭到了多方面的反对,意见主要可归纳为道学当去、总归儒林,道学乃道家之学,《道学传》"惟《宋史》宜有之"等。《明史》最终未立《理学传》,作为争论核心的王阳明被列入大传,传稿历经数次改易,最终以其本人及王学被否定而结束。

Wang Yangming was severely criticized by the scholars of Neo- Confucianism, thus affecting the evaluation of Ming academy in Mingshi compiled officially in the early Qing Dynasty. In the early Kangxi period, Xu Yuanwen, the president of Academia and his brother advised to set up Lixuezhuan/Daoxuezhuan met with many objections, and the comments can mainly be summarized as following： Daaxuezhuan should be cut off; Daoxuejia could be included in Rulinzhuan, Daoxue was just Taoism, Daoxuezhuan was suitable only in Songshi and so on. At last, there was not Lixuezhuan in Mingshi. Wang Yangming as the key person of the debate had been included in Zhuan, and eventually Wang Yanging and his mind theory had been denied.