股骨颈骨折内固定物的力学对比及疗效分析

Comparative Biomechanical Study and Curative Effect Analysis of Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture

目的：为临床选择合理的内固定器材提供依据。方法：１６ 具成年（男女各半）新鲜股骨标本随机分成四组，制成股骨颈骨折，分别植入三枚加压螺纹钉，单一空心加压螺钉，三刃钉及三根骨圆针，然后逐一进行生物力学测试。结果：测试数据经统计学处理分析表明，三枚加压螺纹钉的刚度和强度最大，单一空心加压螺钉次之，三刃钉较差（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：三枚加压螺纹钉呈立体植入股骨颈内，符合生物力学规律，最大限度地减少应力遮挡效应，有利于骨愈合。因此，目前我们对股骨颈骨折的内固定多选用三枚加压螺纹钉治疗。

Objective:TO provide a theoretical basis for rational choosing of the internal fixation in clinical use through a biomechanical experiment and a cemparative analysis of femoral samples after internal fixation.Methods:Sixteen caese of femoral neck fractuer ,which were produced from fresh adult-femoral samples ,were divided into four groups at random .After different internal fixations (three-compression screws, single-hollow-compression screw ,trifin nail and three steinmann's pins)were used separately for the fracture,biomechanical measurements were respectively made in the samples.Result:The measurement data showed that among these four fixations three-compression screws were the best in rigidty and strength,single-hdlow-compression screw was the second and trifin nail was poor (P<0.01).Conclusion:Three-compression screws,which fix femoral neck in the shape of triangle, accord with biomechanics and make the fracture fragments contract closer closer and bone-intention eadier.So we trend to choose three-compression screws for internal fixation to treat the femoral neck fracture.