铅对机体神经行为功能和尿中单胺类递质代谢物的影响

EFFECT OF LEAD ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONS AND METABOLITES OF MONOAMINO-TRANSMITTERS IN EXPOSED WORKER

研究铅的神经行为效应及其对尿中单胺类递质代谢物的影响。方法：采用ＷＨＯ ＮＣＴＢ测试铅冶炼工和蓄电池厂铅接触工人的神经行为功能，并收集晨尿分析尿中香草扁桃酸（ＶＭＡ）和５-羟吲哚乙酸 （ ５－ＨＩＡＡ）含量。结果：铅接触组血铅（ Ｐｂ－Ｂ）在 １９、８μｇ／ｄｌ水平时，与对照组相比，可引起机体某些行为功能变化、尿中单胺类递质去甲肾上腺素代谢物ＶＭＡ显著上升。Ｐｂ－Ｂ水平与反映眼－手快速协调能力的手提转捷度测试（ＳＡＮ）得分呈负相关，而与尿中ＶＭＡ呈正相关。结论：神经行为功能是神经毒性敏感的指标，单胺类递质的变化可能为铅致神经行为功能改变的神经生化机制之一。

Objective : To study the effect of lead on neurobehavior and the metabolites of monoamino - transmitters of the exposed workers. Methods: 83 workers involved in lead operation were chosen and divided into two groups based on exposure to the levels of lead. 33 subjects who did not expose to the occupational hazards as a control group. All subjects were tested with WHO Neurobehavio ral Core Test Battery (WHO/NCTB) and the amounts of the vanilly malldellic acid(VMA) and 5 --hydroxyindol acetic acid (5--HIAA) in urine were analysed. Results: The scores of fatigue, reaction time, Santa Ana Manual Dexterity(SAN) and Benton visual retention tests in the exposed groups were significa ntly poorer than those in the control group. The levels of VMA in urine of the exposed group were significantly increased, as compared with the control group. There were a negative correlation between the scores of SAN and lead levels in blood, and a positive correlation between amount of VMA in urine and lead levels in blood. Conclusion: The indices of neurobehavior were a useful tool for the early detection of lead toxicity. The changes of monoamino-transmitters are a possible mechanism in alteration of neurobehavior.