域外卧底警察作为犯罪立法考察与评析

Inspection and Evaluation of the Legislation of Undercover Police Crime about Overseas Countries and Regions

美、德等国家立法均规定卧底警察不能实施犯罪行为,但司法实务则持较宽容的态度,事实上承认了卧底警察实施"犯罪"的合法性,并通过公共利益豁免、检察官策略建议及利益衡量等方式规避立法。法国、荷兰及台湾等国家和地区则有限度的承认了卧底警察的"犯罪行为",并明确了授权主体及授权范围。我国卧底侦查立法宜以成文法方式有限度的承认卧底警察"作为犯罪"的合法性,并对"犯罪"的授权主体与"犯罪"的授权模式做出规定。

United States,Germany,and other national legislation provide that undercover police can’t carry out crimes,but judicial practice holds the more tolerant attitude towards ＂crime＂ of undercover police.They avoid legislation by public interest immunity,the prosecutor strategic proposals and measure of interest,etc.France,the Netherlands and Taiwan and other countries and regions allow limited ＂crime＂ of undercover police.They also make clearly the authorization and range.Chinese legislation of undercover investigation should allow limited ＂crime＂ of undercover police and make regulations about the authorized body of ＂crime＂ and the licensing model.