中西方“朋友”观的比较研究

Comparative Study on Chinese and Western Views of "Friend"

"朋友"是中西方共有的"泛人类"经验与文化,但在中西方特定的文化背景下,对其概念与内涵的理解却具有很大差别。中西方"朋友"观的文化差异主要表现在三个方面:一是关系亲疏;二是时间长短;三是相处之道。差异产生的文化根源在于以下几方面:首先,中西方不同的文化特点与社会组织方式决定了他们不同的"朋友"观和交往习惯。其次,中西方不同的生活方式和习惯是形成不同"朋友"观的外部原因。再次,中西方不同的历史经历与民族性格是形成不同"朋友"行为的基本原因。最后,中西方不同的思维方式是决定他们对"朋友"观念的不同理解的根本原因。

＂Friend＂ is a common experience and culture shared by both Chinese and Western people,but the understanding as to its concept and connotation is greatly different in the background of Chinese and Western cultures,which is mainly demonstrated in three aspects：the closeness of relations;the time of such relations;and the way of getting together.The cultural origins for such difference lies in the following aspects：firstly the cultural aspects and social modes determine their different views on ＂friend＂ and their habits for mutual contacts,secondly the different living modes and habits are the external causes for the formation of ＂friendly＂ behavior;and finally the different thinking modes is the primary cause determining their different understanding of the view of ＂friend＂.