由土地到矿藏的经济学研讨

Discussion on Economics from Land to Mineral Resources

可耕地主要用作劳动手段,而矿藏则主要用作劳动对象,二者在前商品社会中的经济价值就是自然界无偿提供的使用价值。唯有在商品社会中,已经被开发的耕地和矿藏才具有社会价值,即所提供的产品的使用价值与所需社会必要劳动的对立统一体。说原始的矿化地质体有本身的社会价值是一种误解,说经过勘探和开采准备的矿藏没有社会价值是另一种误解。矿业费税问题的要点是由中等和优等丰度资源的开发者把资源补偿费上缴给国库,同时使开发初等资源者有微利可得。国家以探矿权和采矿权使用费的名义收缴行政管理费后授予矿藏开发者经营权,并不是把矿藏变卖给它的开发者。

Arable land is mainly used as means of labor,while mineral resources are used as the object of labor.The economic value of the two in the preceding commodity society is the value in use provided free by the nature.Only in commercial society,developed arable land and mineral resources have the value of society,namely a unity of opposites including use value of offering products and necessary labor needed by society.There are two misunderstandings that the original mineralized geologic body has its own social value,and that the mineral resources after preparing the exploration and exploitation has no the value of society.This paper argues that the crux of mining fees and taxes is that the developers who have the middle and superior abundance resources should hand compensation for resources to state treasury,while the developers who exploit the elementary resources can obtain petty gains.After collecting administrative fees in the name of the charges of using mineral exploration and exploitation rights,the state should entitle management right to mineral resource developers;it is not to sell the mineral resources to their developers.