南海周边主要国家海底文化遗产保护政策分析及启示

An Analysis and Revelation Underwater Culture Heritage Protection Policy of the Neighboring Countries of the South China Sea

我国海底文化遗产面临着的保护压力不仅来自国内,也来自国外,尤其是南海周边主要国家的开放商业打捞政策导致的挤压效应。联合国教科文组织在《保护水下文化遗产公约》中确定的"就地保护"和"禁止商业开发"原则在现实的压力下很难实现。目前,我国海底文化遗产保护只能依靠国内立法和《联合国海洋法公约》,而南海周边主要国家在制定海底文化遗产保护政策时都考虑了各种价值的平衡,这些国家平衡各种价值的经验值得我国借鉴参考。我国海底文化遗产具体情况千差万别,应当在摸清大致情况后制定具体而灵活的保护政策。

China＇s underwater cultural heritage is hard pressed for protection UNESCO——UN stipulates in the document ＂Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage＂ two principles——＂protection on the spot＂ and ＂no trade＂,but in reality,these principles are not adhered to in the world.Major peripheral South China Sea countries when formulating policy of underwater cultural heritage protection,all have balanced various values.This paper considers that China＇s underwater cultural heritage differ immensely in reality,we are required to ascertain the situation on the whole,and formulate practical and flexible policy of protection.