人工养殖条件下东方蝾螈的繁殖生物学

Study on the Breeding Biology of Artificial Feeding Cynops orientalis

通过室内饲养观察,重点研究了东方蝾螈的产卵行为、受精卵孵化、仔螈的变态发育等繁殖生物学。东方蝾螈雌螈产卵前有明显的筑巢行为,分批产卵,产卵时间不集中,产卵期持续46~98 d,平均产卵期为78 d±14 d,产卵高峰期在5月上中旬,平均产卵量为101±56枚;温度对受精卵孵化影响十分显著,3月份产的卵平均54.1 d孵出仔螈,6月份产的卵平均11 d孵出仔螈,在15~26℃的自然水温条件下,受精卵一般需要11~30 d孵出仔螈;仔螈的变态发育与温度、饲料等因素密切相关,在24~25℃的控温养殖条件下,仔螈40 d后外鳃开始萎缩,68~79 d完成变态发育,但在自然水温下,只有78%的仔螈当年能完成变态发育。

In this paper,the spawning behavior,the fertilized eggs hatching,metamorphosis development and so on of Cynops orientalis were mainly studied.The results show that： the female C.orientalis have distinct nest-building behavior before spawning.The spawning period is 46~98 d,the average spawning period is 78±14 days,the spawning emergence with a peak in early May and middle May.The average number of spawning is 101±56.The temperature has significant effects on the hatch of fertilized eggs.The time needed to incubate is 54.1 days for the eggs of March spawning,and 11days for the eggs of June spawning.The hatching period is generally 11~30 days when the natural water temperature change from 15 ℃ to 26 ℃;The metamorphosis development were closely related to various factors such as temperature and feed,under 24~25℃ water temperature,the external gill of larvae C.orientalis start to atrophy after hatching 40 days,it took 68~79 days for larvae can be finished the metamorphosis development.But under natural water temperature,about 78% larvae of C.orientalis can be finished development by metamorphosis in the same year.